Rates & Markets
How the everyday financial benchmarks that affect households and businesses in Pakistan are actually set.
KIBOR Explained: The Benchmark Rate Behind Pakistan's Variable-Rate Loans
KIBOR rarely makes headlines, but it quietly sets the base rate for a huge share of variable-rate lending in Pakistan — from corporate loans to some consumer financing. Here's what it is and why it moves.
September 21, 2026
Gold Rate in Pakistan: How It's Set, and How to Check Today's Price
The gold rate in Pakistan today isn't set by one national body quoting a single number — it's calculated locally from the international spot price, the rupee-dollar rate, and local premiums. Here's how that actually works.
September 21, 2026